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The total solution, labeled HLR (HVAC Load Reduction) is implemented by means of compact modules that can be retrofitted onto virtually any building, and utilizes novel sorbents that have been developed and brought to scale production by enVerid.

Key to our approach moreВ В» is low cost scrubbing of all gas contaminants from indoor air using novel, efficient and regenerable sorbent materials. This scrubbing enables recycling of most of the indoor air and significantly decreasing the amount of outside air, resulting in a reduced HVAC load and commensurate energy savings for the facility. The concept involves selective scrubbing of gas contaminants from indoor air as a practical substitute for outside air ventilation, the latter being the conventional practice today. The background for this project was a unique and innovative concept that had been proposed and demonstrated by enVerid Systems, reducing the energy consumption in HVAC systems in commercial and public buildings by up to 50% at peak loads. To complete the picture of national impacts, the remaining WBIC shipments not assigned to these three states are assessed using the original methodology based on the averaged national values. Modeled water savings and net present value for these three states should be more accurate and representative than the averaged national values given state-specific inputs such as lot size, water price, and housing stock. These states are considered to be the principal market of вЂњsmartвЂќ irrigation controllers that may result in the bulk of national savings. While the first iteration of the model assessed national impacts using averaged national values, this version begins by evaluating impacts in three key large states that make up a sizable portion of the irrigation market: California, Florida, and Texas. This model builds off that described in вЂњMethodology for National Water Savings Model and Spreadsheet ToolвЂ“Outdoor Water UseвЂќ and uses a two-tiered approach to quantify outdoor water savings attributable to the WaterSense program for WBIC, as well as net present value (NPV) of that savings. Environmental Protection AgencyвЂ™s WaterSense labeling program for one such type of controller, weather-based irrigation controllers (WBIC).

This report describes the methodology and inputs employed in a mathematical model that quantifies the effects of the U.S. One approach that holds promise for cutting unnecessary outdoor water use is the increased deployment of вЂњsmartвЂќ irrigation controllers to increase the water efficiency of irrigation systems. One national estimate uses satellite and aerial photography data to develop a relationship between impervious surface and lawn surface area, yielding a conservative estimate of 16.4 (В± 3.6) million moreВ В» hectares of lawn surface area in the United States-an area three times larger than that devoted to any irrigated crop (Milesi et al. In North American cities, the estimated portion of residential water used for outdoor purposes ranges from 22-38% in cooler climates up to 59-67% in dry and hot environments, while turfgrass coverage within the United States spans 11.1-20.2 million hectares (Milesi et al.

Green lawns and landscaping are archetypical of the populated American landscape, and typically require irrigation, which corresponds to a significant fraction of residential, commercial, and institutional water use. Because the resulting number of studies was too small to be statistically significant when broken down by controller type, this paper represents a survey and synthesis of available data rather than a definitive statement regarding whether the estimated water savings are = , We applied filters to remove data that might bias the sample such as data self-reported by manufacturers, data resulting from studies focusing on high-water users, or data presented in a non-comparable format such as based on total household water use instead of outdoor water use.

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After a preliminary data scrubbing, we utilized a series of analytical filters to develop our best estimate of average savings. This paper performs a literature review and meta-analysis of water savings from several types of advanced irrigation controllers: rain sensors (RS), weather-based irrigation controllers (WBIC), and soil moisture sensors (SMS).The purpose of this work is to derive average water savings per controller type, based to the extent possible on all available data.